@Article{UtidaCVANMSCZAE:2023:SpInCo,
               author = "Utida, Giselle and Cruz, Francisco W. and Vuille, Mathias and 
                         Ampuero, Angela and Novello, Valdir F. and Maksic, Jelena and 
                         Sampaio, Gilvan and Cheng, Hai and Zhang, Haiwei and Andrade, 
                         Fabio Ramos Dias de and Edwards, R. Lawrence",
          affiliation = "{Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {University at Albany} and {Universidade 
                         de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {University of T{\"u}bingen} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Xi'an Jiaotong 
                         University} and {Xi'an Jiaotong University} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {University of Minnesota}",
                title = "Spatiotemporal Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics during the 
                         last 3 millennia in northeastern Brazil and related impacts in 
                         modern human history",
              journal = "Climate of the Past",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "19",
               number = "10",
                pages = "1975--1992",
                month = "Oct.",
             abstract = "Changes in tropical precipitation over the past millennia have 
                         usually been associated with latitudinal displacements of the 
                         Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Recent studies provide new 
                         evidence that contraction and expansion of the tropical rain belt 
                         may also have contributed to ITCZ variability on centennial 
                         timescales. Over tropical South America few records point to a 
                         similar interpretation, which prevents a clear diagnosis of ITCZ 
                         changes in the region. In order to improve our understanding of 
                         equatorial rain belt variability, our study presents a 
                         reconstruction of precipitation for the last 3200 years from the 
                         northeastern Brazil (NEB) region, an area solely influenced by 
                         ITCZ precipitation. We analyze oxygen isotopes in speleothems that 
                         serve as a faithful proxy for the past location of the southern 
                         margin of the ITCZ. Our results, in comparison with other ITCZ 
                         proxies, indicate that the range of seasonal migration, 
                         contraction, and expansion of the ITCZ was not symmetrical around 
                         the Equator on secular and multidecadal timescales. A new NEB ITCZ 
                         pattern emerges based on the comparison between two distinct 
                         proxies that characterize the ITCZ behavior during the last 2500 
                         years, with an ITCZ zonal pattern between NEB and the eastern 
                         Amazon. In NEB, the period related to the Medieval Climate Anomaly 
                         (MCA - 950 to 1250 CE) was characterized by an abrupt transition 
                         from wet to dry conditions. These drier conditions persisted until 
                         the onset of the period corresponding to the Little Ice Age (LIA) 
                         in 1560 CE, representing the longest dry period over the last 3200 
                         years in NEB. The ITCZ was apparently forced by teleconnections 
                         between Atlantic and Pacific that controlled the position, 
                         intensity, and extent of the Walker cell over South America, 
                         changing the zonal ITCZ characteristics, while sea surface 
                         temperature changes in both the Pacific and Atlantic stretched or 
                         weakened the ITCZ-related rainfall meridionally over NEB. Wetter 
                         conditions started around 1500 CE in NEB. During the last 500 
                         years, our speleothems document the occurrence of some of the 
                         strongest drought events over the last centuries, which 
                         drastically affected population and environment of NEB during the 
                         Portuguese colonial period. The historical droughts were able to 
                         affect the karst system and led to significant impacts over the 
                         entire NEB region.",
                  doi = "10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1975-2023",
                 issn = "1814-9324",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "cp-19-1975-2023.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "04 maio 2024"
}